Calculating-machine



No: 6|6,I32 Patented Dec. 20, I898. A. S. MCCASKEY.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

(Apglication filed Dec. 27: 1894.)

(No Model.)

l0 Sheets-Sheet I.

S $7 ven/Zar Tug Norms PETERS cov PnoYc-umou msuwaww. n c

Patented Dec. 20, I898.

(Appliclt'mn filed Dec. 27, 1-894.)

l0 Sheets-Sheet 2 I I i J (No Model.)

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m: NORBYS PEYERS co, PHDTb-UTHQ. WA$NINGTEJN DJQ No. 6l6,|32. Patented Dec. 20, I898.

' A. S. McCASKEY.

CALCULATING MACHINE. (Application filed Dec. 27, 1s94. (No Model.) l0 Shuts-Sheet 3.

7(51f LI U WI xiv/6L 4% m: NORRIS vrfltns co; Moro-mug:vv WASHINGTON. 0 c

No. 6l6,|32. Patented Dec. 20, I898.

A. S. McCASKEY.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

(Application filed Dec. 27, 1894+ (No Model.) H) Sheets-Sheet 4.

Wi 6&8 es. 13002210201. 7% VP? m. A 7 $Af J x 00/7 m: NORRIS PETRS 420., mmaL -Ho. WASHINGTON, D. c.

No. 6l6,|32. Patented Dec. 20, I898. A. S. McCASKE-Y.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

(Application filed. Dec 27, 1894) I0 Sheets-Sheet 5.

(No Model.)

8 9 m 2 0 e D d e t n e t a P E K S A C c S A Z 3 my 6 m N CALCULATING MACHINE.

(Application filed Dec. 27, 1894.)

I0 Sheets-Sheet 6.

(No Model.)

m: Nnams vc'rgns co, PHoTo-L'WHQ, WASHBNGTON. n c.

No. 6|6,l32. Patented Dec. 20, I898.

A. s. McCASKEY.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

(Application filed Dec. 27, 1894-.) (No Model.) l0 Sheets-Sheet 7.

flaw 606/ 27 No. 6|6,l32. Patented Dec. 20, I898.

A. S. M cCASKEY.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

(Application filed Dec. 27, 1894.)

(No Model.) l0 Sheets-Sheet 8.

fl o'nesses 5/ Irwemiar No. 6l6,|32. I Patented Dec. 20, I898.

A; S. McCASKEY.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

(Application filed Dec. 27, 1894.)

No Model.) l0 Sheets-Shoet 9.

lnvewzor- WWW Nu. 6|6,l32. Patented Dec. 20, I898.

' A. S. MOGASKEY.

CALOULATING'IACHINE.

(Applicltion filed Dec. 27, 1894.)

(No Model.) I I0 Shedts-Sheeflfl.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ALFRED SAMUEL MCOASKEY, or LA GRANGE, ILLINOIS, Assicnon TO THE- UNIVERSAL CALCULATOR COMPANY, or CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

CALCULATING-MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part t Letters Patent No. 616,182, dated December 20, 1898.

7 Application filed December 2'7, 1894. Serial No- 533,l07. (N0 model.)

The calculating-machines found upon the market contain. a large number of keys, with the operation of which the user must thorzo oughly familiarize himself. Usually there are ten keys to each indicator or figure-wheel, so that in a machine designed to deal with and exhibit numbers of six places there would be sixty keys. Each added key increases largely the chances of error, besides rendering rapid work impossible.

In the direction of simplifying the machinery and the manipulations to be learned by the operator my present invention contemplates the operation of the indicator or figurewheels, irrespective of the number of the lat ter, bytcn keys only. A Attempt has also been made heretofore to construct a ten-key ma chine; but my invention differs radically in 3 5 principle from the construction heretofore proposed and mainly in that a number is set up on the rcgisterin g devices in its true digital order, beginning with the highest or left-hand figure.

The ten keys above referred to, which may be called figure-keys, comprise one for the zero (0) and one for each of the nine digits. They include only the keys by which the registering devices are actuated and are of course exclusive of special keys for different purposes. For example, the machine herein described has a snl-itraction-key, a divisionkey, and a registering-key; but in case it is desired to construct only an adding-ma- 5ochine these keys and their connections may be dispensed with. The particular mechanisms in which these broad features of the invention are embodied are of course susceptible of modification and may take many'different forms. I shall, however, hereinafter describe and claim the best means now known to me of carrying out the principle of said invention.

In this machine the registering devices are in the form of bars, herein termed registerbars, these bars being brought successively under. the control of the keys. The number of bars will vary according to the capacity of machine desired, there being one bar for each figure in the largest number whichthe machine is designed to register. The term reg ister-bars is used generically to include tie-- vices other'than bars which are capable of performing the same functions. The registerbars are movable into ten different positions corresponding to zero and the nine digits, so.

that when brought under the control of the keys each bar maybe caused to register any figure from 0to 9. Besides the indepeudent motion of the bars, they have a common movement on their support or carriage, herein f termed the bar-carriage? the object of this v movement being to bring the bars successively" into position to be actuated by the registeractuatingdevice orhammer.. Thishammer and the keys by which it is actuated are stationary relatively to the bar-carriage. Both the hammer and the step-by-step feed of the bar-carriage are actuated from the figure keys-that is to say, when a key is struck the bar-carriage moves a step, bringing a particu lar bar into the path of the hammer, and the latter is also actuated, moving said bar to a particular position depending upon the key which has been manipulated. Each of the go digit-keys moves the hammer (and consequently the bar opposite thereto) over a distance whose value corresponds to that of the key, while the zero-key moves the hammer only far enough to move the bar opposite 5 thereto one space. When that key is struck, the carriage moves one step; but the bar thereby brought opposite the ham mcr remains at zero.

P By the devices thus far outlined any num- 10o her can be set up on the register-bars by striking the proper keys in their'regular digital order. .Means are provided whereby each item thus set up can be recorded or tabulated on a stip of paper, this recording operation being mainly useful in addition of columns of figures. Having set up a number, the next operation isto register it on the totalizer and if previous items have been so registered to totalize the result. The totalizer comprises a series of figure-wheels, usually one or two more than the bars,since the latter register only the factors, while the former register the result, and connections are provided between the wheels and bars whereby the former may be actuated from the latter upon the operation of an appropriate device, herein termed the register-key. To this end in the form of machine hereinafter described the registerbars have racks having each ten teeth arranged to engage at the proper moment with pinions on or connected with the figurewheels, and the bar-carriage is movable relatively to the figure-wheels to effect this engagement and to turn the latter to posit-ions -loeked in place.

determined by the positions of the registerbars, which during this operation are firmly Means 'are provided to offeet the automatic release of the bars after totalizing and to restore all the parts to their normal positions after an operation has been performed. Means are also provided to prevent, when desired, the return of the bar-carriage to its starting-point, which normally occurs after totalizing. 3y thus preventing the return of the bar-carriage the number set up on the bars can be used repeatedly as often as required in multiplication and division.

lleretofore the possible failure of the operator to depress a key the full distance has been a source of error in machines in which, like the present, each key should impart to the registering device a movement of definite length dilferent for each key. In the present invention this source of error is avoided by a key-lock which acts when a key has been struck to lock all the other keys,

the latter only being released after the key so struck has been'depressed the fullrequired distance. '1he principal novel element in this part of the mechanism is a lock-bar having a series of stop-pins and acting both to lock all the keys except the one depressed and also to maintain the lock until such key is fully depressed, the lock-bar being then released and restored.-

' Ileretofore'it has been customary to perform subtraction by adding the complement of the subtrahend, and this invention embraces means (thrown into operation by the subtraction-key) whereby the complement is automatically added and the excessive 1" in the extreme left-hand order or place elimi nated. The operation of automatically adding the complement is not broadly new; but the means hereinafter described and claimed are believed to be new.

The invention embraces many features of construction and combinations and arrangements of parts, which will be explained in the following detailed description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a plan view of a machine constructed in accordance with the invention, the cover or top plate being removed. Fig. 2 is a side elevation, the casing being in section. Fig. 3 is a front elevation on a somewhat larger scale. Figs. 4 and 5 are respectivelya side elevation and plan of mechanism for preventing the hammer from being carried by momentum beyond the proper distance. Figs. 6 and 6 are respectively a plan and rear view of the register-carriage and its support. Fig. 7 is a side view of the same. Figs.

8, 9, and 9 are detail views of the bar-carriage and accessory parts. Fig. 10 is a perspective in detail, partly broken away, of the bar-carriage, illustrating the means for returning such bars to the normal positions. Fig. .11 isa side elevation of the recording or printing mechanism, and Figs. 11 and ll" show details thereof. Fig. 12 is aplan view of the printing mechanism. Fig. 13 is a side elevation, and Fig. 14 a plan, of portions thereof. Figs. 15 and 15 illustrate in plan and elevation the paper-guide. Figs. 16 and 17 illustrate in plan and side elevation the figure-wheels and other parts of the totalizing mechanism. Figs. 16, 16", and 16 and 17 and 17" illustrate various'details of said mechanism. Fig. 18 is a perspective view of a portion of the key-lever and shifting mechanism. Figs. 18, 18 and 18 illustrate details of said mechanism. Figs. 19 and 20 are respectively a plan and elevation of parts of the same mechanism, Figs. 20, 20", and 20 illustrate the levers detached. Figs. 21 and 22 illustrate in side elevation and plan the lever mechanism employed in subtraction and other operations. Figs. 23, 23, and 23 are views illustrating parts of the carrying mechanism. Fig. 24. shows some of the cams and stop'pins employed in the carrying mechanism. Figs. 25 and 25 illustrate in side and front elevation devices connected with the register-carriage for purposes hereinafter explained. Figs. 26 and 26 illustrate details of the same devices. Figs. 27 and 28 represent in side elevation and plan the shifting and stop mechanism connected with the multiplication, subtraction, and division keys. Fig. 27 is a detail of part of said mechanism. Figs. 29,

V 29, and 29 illustrate details of the same parts in various positions. Fig. 29 is a rearview in detail of. the rack s with its accompanying lug 12 in position to disengage the stop 8 from the detent-pawl The figure-keys (ten in number) are designated by the figures O to l). As'shown, they are arranged in two rows, the even numbers in the first row, and the odd ones in the second row; but any other convenient arrangement may be adopted. In addition to the figure-keys, to \vhichthe description for the present will be confined, there are submarked in Fig. 1 with the conventional symhols X, with which these operations are designated, and a shift-key S.

Each figure-key is on the end of a vertical spindle a, jointed at c to a key-lever I), which is pivoted on the horizontal rod d, Figs. 2, 3, 4t, and 5. Each lever b has a downwardlyinclined arm I), at the end of which is a short transverse pin f, (best seen in Fig. 3,) which is intended 'to engage and lift the actuating arms of the register mechanism. As shown,

there are two of these actuating-arms, g and g, to each key-lever; but for the present it will be convenient to follow only that series of arms which are lettered g and which are used in performing addition. Arms 9 are each to the left of its lever 12, Fig. 3. Arms g are all pivoted on rod (1. They are curved at the lower ends, as shown, Figs. 2 and 20, and adapted, when raised by the depression of a key, to strike and move the rocking bar t', which is carried by, arms- 11 attached to rock-shaftj. The-curvature of arms g is different'for each of the series, as clearly shown in Fig. 2, so that each arm moves the rockbar 1' through an arc of definite length. The construction is such that the value of the are through which bar 2' moves is measured by the value of the key which is struck. Thus the zero-key does not move it at all. Key 1 moves it the minimumdistauce, or, as it may be said, through one degree, key 2 a distance twice as great as key 1 or through two degrees, and so on.

Bar t' carries the plunger or hammer K, by which the register-bars R are actuated. These bars are all mounted on a bar-carriage BC (see Figs. 1 and 9) and are alikein construction. Their number will vary with the capacity of the machine. trated in the drawings there are ten registerbars, so that numbers containing as many as ten figures can be set up.

Bar-carriage B0 has a step-by-step motion transverse of the machine imparted by mechanism hereinafter described. For present purposes it suffices to say that each time a figure-key is struck the carriage moves one step to the left, Fig. l, the length of the stop being the distance from the center of one bar to the center of the next. Consequently the front ends of bars R come successively into the path of hammer K.

Each bar It has ten ratchecteeth 7;, Fig. 10, the distance between them corresponding to one degree of movement of hammer K. A pawl 0 engages these teeth and detains the bar in the position to which it is advanced by the stroke of the hammer until released, as hereinafter explained, when the bar is returned to its normal position by means of a spiral spring 11, attached at one end to a pin carriage BC, Fig. 2.

From the explanations thus far given it will be easy to understand how the digits compos- In the machine illus- R and at the other to the frame of ing any number are set up on the registerbars by striking in regular order the keys corresponding to that number. Thus if the number be 540 key 5 is first struck. Oarriage BC moves one space to the left, presenting the first bar R to the hammer K, which strikes that bar, advancing it live spaces or degrees, 0. Key 4 is next struck, advancing the second bar four spaces, and key 6 in like manner advances the third bar six spaces. liars B. have on the ends opposite the ratchetteeth 7.: ten raclcteeth 7e, designed to operate the pinions of the figure-wheels, hereinafter described. The step-by-step movement of bar-carriage 136 (which slides on the horizontal rod M) is effected by means of a rack 8, Figs. 9 and 9, attached to the carriage, and

a dog it. Dog u is carried by an arm 1) and is pressed into engagement with rack s by spring 3 Arm 0) is pivoted at w on a support 00, Figs. 1 and 9. Arm 1) has a cam-shaped edge 4, against which bears a roller .z'-,-carried by hammer K, (see Fig. 1,) so that during the first part of the movement of the hammer the arm n is oscillated, moving the car riage BO one step to the left, in which position it is oted to a bracket 6 (see Figs. iland 9) on the register-carriage RC, hereinafter described. Thus the feed of the carriage BC takes place upon depressing any key before the hammer acts on the register-bar. Dog u is held in contact with racks by a spring y, so, that when arm 1) returns to its normal position dog it can yield, so as to pass the adjacent tooth of the rack and engage in the next notch.

In order to transfer the number set up on the register-bars R to the figure-wheels F, it

is necessary that the carriage BC should be movable (carrying with it the register-bars) in a direction at right angles to its feed movement. To this end carriage BC is mounted on a movable support, herein termed the register-carriage RC, Figs. 6 to 9 and 9. This eartiage RC consists of a suitable framework upon which the slide-rod M of the barcarriage is supported and which bar-carriage can slide lengthwise of the machine on a support or bed M The advance movement of the-register-carriage RC is effected by a register key or bar RB. (Broken olf in Fig. l and shown detached in Fig. 2. See also Fig. 3.) This key is attached to an arm 20, carried by a rock-shaft 22, extending across the keyboard and journaled in bearings 23 and 24. Shaft 22 has two downwardly-projecting crank-arms 25 2G, to the lower ends of which are pivoted connecting-rods 27 28, which reach forward (see Fig. 8) to the register-carriage RC, wherev they are jointed to a rod 31, extending the full length of said carriage. Rod 31 passes through slots M in the frame of baucarriage 13C, Figs. 8 and 9, and has connected to its respective ends short links 29 80, the other ends of which are pivoted at 32 to cars on carriage R0. The oiiice of the rod in which position it is held by pawl held by the detent 5, which is piv-' 31 and the slotted bearings M through which it passes is to give the bar-carriage 130 a slight rising-and-falling motion on rod M as a center, the entire carriage being hinged on that rod. The depression of register-key RB first raises bar-carriage 13C to a horizontal position, so that the register-bars are brought into alinement with the pinion 39 of the ligure-wheels F. When the bar-carriage has reached a horizontal position, rod 31 comes against the end of slots M", and consequently the continued depression of key RB advances the carriage RC until the register-bars have acted upon the figure-wheels. The object of this oscillating movement of carriage BC is to cause the rack-teeth 7;, of the register-bars to drop out of engagement-With pinions 39 before the return of the register-carriage. Detent-pawl 5, which is mounted on carriage RC, holds the bar-carriage BC by engagement with rack 8 during this advance movement. On the return or downward movement of reg ister-carriage R0 the finger 8 of a vertical trip-rod 7, Figs. 9, 9, and 20, comes in contact with the rear extension of detent 5, (the forward motion of this'pawl with the carriage having allowed rod 7 to drop,) disengaging it from the rack s and permitting return of carriage 13C to its normal position. Near the end of this return movement, which is eifected by a spring such as ordinarily used for that purpose, trip-rod 7 is lifted by a lug 12, at-' tached to the rack s, which lug passes under the extreme projection 8 of finger'S, Figs. 29 and 29. The latter therefore releases def tent 5, allowing it again to engage rack 8. After passing lug 12 finger 8 falls and rests loosely upon the upper surface of detent 5,

. and this will be the relative positions of these parts until register-key Rll is again struck and register-carriage RC advanced, carrying with it detent 5, whereupon rod 7 will drop,

bringing finger 8 into position to release detent 5 on the return of the register-carriage, which is effected by the action of springs 42, Fig. 2, attached at one end to the base of the machine and at the other to arms 25 26. It is necessary also at this point of the operation to release the register-bars R from their detents o in order that they may be returned by their retracting-springs 'n. This release is ei'lfected by an inclined trip-plate 13, Figs. 1,

-2, and 10, which is carried at the end of a long arm 16, Figs. 1 and 2, extending obliquely from standard 19. '1rip-plate 13 is pivoted against the vertical end of arm 16 by means of a pin 14 and normally upheld by a spiral spring surrouruling said pin. Diiring the advance movement of the feed or bar carriage BC the rear extensions of deteuts 0 ride over the upper edge of the release-plate 13 and de-v the machine.

its normal position the register-bars R are-all restored to zero.

To briefly recapitulate the operation of the parts already described, a number is set up on the register-bars by depressing in regular order the keys corresponding to the digits composing such number. As each figure-key is depressed bar-carriage BC moves one step to the left by the action=of dog I! on rack s, so that the carriage moves as many stepsas there are places in the number set up. Each registe1'-bar,afterbeing advanced by thehammer K through a distance corresponding to the value of the key which impelled it, is locked in that advanced position by its detent o. \Vhen the last figure is thus registeredon its bar, the carriage BO, held firmly in its advanced position to the left by detent 5 engaging rack s, is moved backward with its carriage BC by the depression of registcr-key RB and is turned on its hinge M, so as to bring bars R to a horizontal position. On the completion of this backward movement when key R13 is released carriage 13C drops to its inclined position, freeing the rack-teeth of bars R from engagement with pinions 39, and register-carriage RC returns to its normal position under the influence of springs +12, automatically releasing bar-carriage DC from the hold of detent Bar-carriage 130 then returns to the right, and during this movement the rear ends of detents o, passing succes sively under plate 13, are tripped, permitting the return of the register-bars R. Thus all the parts are restored to their normal positions ready to set up another number on the register-bars.

The mounting of register-carriage RC on its dovetailed ways 35 of support M" is shown in Fig. 6. It is desirable to cause a slight frictional resistance to the movement of carriage RC, so as to insure that the bar-carriage will be raised to the horizontal position before the register-carriage moves forward and to insure also that the bar-carriage will drop back to its normal position, disengaging the racks h from pinions 30 before the registercarriage begins its return movement. This friction is created by the pressure of spiral springs upon a steel plate or 8110634, Fig. 0, pressing the latter against the dovetailed way One of these springs is shown in the drawings under the end of a screw 33, tapped into the frame of the carriage, the spring hearing at one end against the end of the screw and at the other against the shoe 34.

\Ve will now follow the operation to the figure -wheels F, on which the results are finally registered and totalized. Thesewhcels, (shown in Figs. 1, 2, 16, and 17,) twelve being employed in the lllfiCllillGSiiOWD, are mounted to turn independentlyof one another on rod 38. I11 the normal position, or that which they occupy atthe beginningof an operation, the zero O) on each figure-wheel shows through an aperture 61, Fig. 2, in the cover-plate of (Removed in Fig. 1.) Each 46 to the wheels 39 at once.

wheel has secured to it a pinion 39, already referred to, for engagement with the rack-teeth 7c of the register-bars R. The relative arrangement 0f the figure-wheels and registerbars is shown in Fig. 1 and is, such thatphe movement of bar-carriage BC one step brings the first bar at the left of the carriage into line with the pinion 39 of the first or units figure-wheel, and however many figure-keys may be struck the last register-bar acted upon comes into line with this pinion. On one side of each wheel F and fixed to the shaft 38 is a washer 43 and on the other side of the wheel a spring-washer 45, Fig. 16, pressing against the wheel with sufficient force to hold it when pinions 39 are not engaged by the rack-bars or by the permanent locking mechanism.

The permanent locking mechanism for the figure-wheels F comprises locking-arms 46,-

one for each wheel, Figs. 17 and 17, carried by a rock-shaft 48, partly broken away in Fig. 1. A spiral spring 50, (see Fig. 16,) acting on shaft 48, keeps arms 46 normally in engagement with pinions 39, so that'the figure-wheels are normally locked. Shaft 48 is turned against the pressure of spring 50 to unlock the figure-wheels F when the carriage, with the register-bars R, advance, this release being effected by means-of an arm 51 on shaft 48, whose pin 52 is struck by a bar 53, advancing with the registering mechanism. forward movement of the register-carriage is arrested by stop-pins 40, (see-Figs. 1, 7, and 8,) and it will be observed that at this point, carriage RC being in its most advanced position, the registry on pinions 39 is completed and the teeth of bars 'R are in engagement with pinions 39, locking'them firmly for the time being in the positions to which they have been turned. Th us figure-wheels F cannot be rotated past their intended position by inertia, the prevention of which irregularity has been a matter of great difficulty in calculating-machines heretofore constructed. It will also be noted that the registering of the result on the figure-wheels is not etfected on separate wheels successively, but is effected at one operation upon all the wheels that may be called into use for the particular numberregistered. \Vhen arm 51 has turned so far that pin 52 passes under the edge of bar 53, the said bar continues to advance without further acting on arm 51, simply riding over the pin 52, as shown in Fig. 17. Bar 53 has in its side a vertical slot or groove 55, beneath which is a flat spring 54, and as shown'in Fig. 17 this spring during the advance movement of the carriage is interposed between pin 53 and slot 55. Pin 52 passes a short distance beyond spring 54, releasing it, as shown in Fig. 17 Consequently upon .the first return movement of the carriage pin 52 passes through slot 55, applying the permanent locks Bar 53 is attached to the side of a rack-bar 56, whichacts, as hereinafter explained, to restore the carry- The keyed to a shaft 63,-Figs. 1, l6, and 16, journaled in bearings 64 65, supported on a baseplate 66. A spiral spring 67 on shaft 63 tends to turn it so as to keep handle 62 in the position shown in r Fig. 1. Shaft 63 carries a toothed sector 68, which engages a pinion'fl), turning freely on rod 38, said pinion having an arm 71, (see Fig. 16,) which in turn carries a pawl 72, engaging ratchet-wheel 73, the latter being fast on shaft 38. It is necessary in restoring the figure-wheels that they should rotate in the direction oppo' site to that in which they are turned by the register-bars. To this end the operator moves handle 62 from him, turning pinion 7 0 by means of sector 68. During this movement pawl'7 2 slips over the teeth of ratchet-wheel 73, the latter being held stationary by a detent 74, fastened to the frame of the machine. The operator now draws handle 62 toward 95 himself, turning pinion 70 by means of pawl 72 and with it shaft 38 and the figure-wheels I .or such of them as have been displaced in the previous operation. Each figure-wheel hasv on its periphery a stop-pin 75, and when the wheel is in its zero position this pin abuts against the end of a lever 76, there being one of these levers for each wheel. Consequently as each wheel by the rotation of shaft 38 reaches its zero position it will be arrested by contactof stop-pin 75 with lever 76, the wheels being connected with shaft 38 only by the slight friction of the washers above referred to. Pins 75 and levers 76 subserve functions in the carrying mechanism, as will be hereinafter shown. Before the unison or resetting device can be operated the pinions 39 must be released from the locking-arms 46, and

IIO

since no one figure-wheel need be moved more than nine-tenths of arevolution to bringit to the unison or starting point a portion (onetenth) of the revolution of shaft 38 can be utilized for releasing the looking-arms 46.

This is done by attaching to rock-shaft 48, which carries locking-arms 46, an arm 77, whose end rests in a notch in the periphery of adisk 78, rigid on shaft 38, Figs. 16 and-16 so long as arms 46 are in their locking position. As soon, however, as shaft 38.is turned the inclined edges of the notch raise arm 77, turning shaft 48 sufficiently to raise arms 46 out of engagement with pinions 3D.

In order that shaft 38 may not be displaced during the operation of the figure-wheels, a lock-spring-79 is provided on the sector 68,- Fig. 16, its end entering a notch in shaft 38 and holding it firmly in place.

In totalizing on the figure-wheels it is essential that when any wheel of the system completes its revolution, turning from 9 to 0, the adjacent wheel to the left should turn one-tenth of a revolution. This is the function of the carrying mechanism illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 16,17, 23, and 24. For

end to a pin 92 on the bar and at the otherto a pin 93 on the frame of the machine. Slide 90 bears on its forward end a pawl 91, (see Figs. 2,16, and 17,) hinged thereto and pressed toward pinion 39 of the figure-wheel .by a spring.

. end as to turn pinion 39 through one space when slide 90 is advanced by spring 91. The forward end of slide 90 works just under pawl 94, Fig. 17, and is so set and shaped as to enter between the two teeth following the one on which said pawl has just acted, thereby locking the figure-wheel for the moment and preventing its being carried too far by inertia. Slide 90 is normally held from action on pinion 39 by lever 7 6, heretofore referred to, which lever has a pin 96 entering a slot in slide 90, Figs. 16, 17, and 23. Said lever 76 has a spiral spring 98, tending to keep its pin 96 engaged with slide 90. The free end of lever 76 is so set and shaped as to come in contact with the stop-pin on-the next figure-wheel F to the right of the lever. Consequently when such wheel in its rotation passes from 9 to 0 pin 75 presses lever 76 of the adjacent wheel to the left, raising pin 96 out of engagement with the slot in slide and causing, through the operation of spring 91 on slide 90, the pawl 94, carried thereby, to turn pinion 39 one-tenth of a revolution, thus carrying ten over from one figure-wheel to the wheel representing the next higher order. Slide 90 works in a slot in bearing-block 99, carried. by plate 100, Fig. 17, which. in turn rests on the base of the ma-. chine.

For restoring the carrying mechanism to its normal position slide 90-is curved at its rear'end, Figs. 2, 17, and 23. Against the concave side of this curve works a cam 103. There are twelve of these cams (one foreach slide) set' in spiral order one-fourteenth of three hundred and sixty degrees apart on a shaft 106. A series of twelve pins 104, set all in the same line parallel with the axis of the shaft, occupies one-fourteenth of three hundred and sixty degrees, and the space marked in Fig. 2 is left vacant. The pins 104, standing all in line, are just in the path of the curved extremity of slide 90, as shown in Fig. 2. (See also Fig. 21.) Consequently they prevent motion of the slides, or, in other words, prevent carrying while registration is being effected on the figure-wheels, which, it will be remembered, are positively engaged at that time with the rack-teeth of register-bars R. The rack-bar 56, already referred to, connected by links .58 to the rod 31, moves forward with register-carriage RC. It engages a pinion 107, Fig. 17, which,

Pawl 94 is so shaped at its forward through a pawl 109 on arm 108, carried by said pinion, turns a ratchet-wheel 110'on shaft 106, which carries cams 103 and stop-pins 1011. Ratchet-wheel 110 has a detent 111, which prevents its turning during the forward movementof carriage R0, during which movement pawl 109 slips over the ratchetteeth. On the return movement, however,

the pawl and ratchet-teeth engage and stoppins 104. immediately move from in front of the curved ends of slides 90, so that any of these slides which have been tripped by the revolution of the figure-wheels during registration in the manner explained above are free to perform their function of carrying. Immediately after this, shaft 106 continuing to revolve, the first cam 103 restores its slide 90 and the other cams act successively, (if their slides have been tripped,) so that when carriage RC completes its return movement all the slides have been restored and stop-pins 104 again standin the way of their movement.

It will be understood that when one of the levers 76 has been tripped its slide 90 makes a slight movement forward (by the pull of its spring 91) until arrested by pin 104, this movement being sufficient to carry the slot in slide 90 past the pin 96, leaving the slide free from said pin and ready to advance as soon as step 104 is removed.

I will now describe the recording or printing mechanism for the items set up on the register-bars, Figs. 1, 2, 11, and 12. This mechanism is useful mainly when the machine is used for adding, so as to make a column of the numbers added on the totalizer. For this purpose each register-bar R carries a set of type for printing the zero and nine digits. The type are arranged. in order on a strip of steel attached to one side of each of the registor-bars, as shown for some of the bars in Fig. 1.. Normally the zeros of all the bars R are in line with the printing-point; but if, as in the example above given,the number 546 is set up on the first three left-hand bars the three separate digits 5, 4,? 6 will be brought tothe printing-pointthat is, to a position from which an impression can be taken.

The mechanism for the paper-feed, inkingribbon feed, &c., can be of any suitable description, many forms of mechanism for discharging these functions being in use in typewriters. The particular mechanism herein described is therefore not essential.

The impression is obtained on a slip of paper drawn from a roll or spool 121, Fig. 2, around a rod 113, (which is the impression or printing rod,) carried by arms and 116, which are pivoted, respectively, to arms117 and 118. (See Figs. 2 and 12.) The paper on its way to the printing devices passesat its edges between feed-wheels 122 on shaft 126 and 123 on shaft 126, the former having holes and the latter pins to mesh therein. After passing around rod 113 the paper returns between wheels 123 and 124, the latter on shaft 126, Figs. 11" and 12, and thence over a shield 125, Fig. 1 5. The feed of the paper is'effected by the intermittent movement of shaft 126,carryin g the wheels 122. On the opposite end of the shafts 126, 126, and 126 is another set,of wheels, the duplicates of 122, 123, and 124. To get a sufiicient feed of paper from a small movement ofprinting-rod 113, recourse is had to the following arrangement: By means presently described a short downward stroke'of rod 113 is made to obtain the printing impression. When arms 115 116 de scend, pawl 127, attached to the latter, slides over teeth of ratchet-wheel 128. The movement of the pawl is of course very slight. On the return movement the pawl engages and turns the ratchet-wheel and with it shaft 119, on which it is mounted, and gear-wheel 12.). The latter turns a small pinion 130, Fig. 11, which is fast on shaft- 126, carrying the feedwheels 122, the latter being consequently turned through the desired distance. The

. printing stroke must be given to rod 113 after moved or swung aside.

' see thekfigure-wheels during the whole proc-f the number or item has been setup on register-barsR and before it is tranferred to the totalizer. The printing stroke is therefore derived from the first part of the downward movement of the register -key RB through mechanism which will now be described. (See Figs. 12, 13, and 14.) Shaft 22, to which key RB is connected by arm 20, has an arm 132, carrying at its outer end a log 133, which in its upward movement encounters the lower end of a short catch 131, pivoted to an car 131 on arm 136 on shaft 137, journaled in bearings 1377-which arm has an outer curved end. This end overlies the printing-roller on rod 113. The printing arm or striker 136 is controlled primarily by spring 138, coiled around shaft 137, the spring being so regulated that the end'of arm 136 normally presses lightly on rod 113. hen arm 136 is raised by the movement of arm 132, the spring is put under. tension or wound up. The position of the partsas arm 132 begins to ascend is shown in Fig. 11. After a short upward movement catch 134 escapes from contact with lug 133 of lever132 (the position at this time being shown in Fig. 13 in full lines) and arm or striker 136 will make a quick downstroke, as indicated in dotted'lines, Fig. 13, producing an impression on the paper passing around rod 113 of such type as have by the antecedent movement of the register bars been brought to the printing-line. On the return of arm 132 lug 133 pushes catch 13?. aside against the pressure of its spring and resumes its normal position.

The Whole printing'mechanism maybe re- As already stated, this mechanism is mainly useful in addition or in tabnlating columns of figures, making itemized statements of accounts, the. In such cases it is not often necessary to see the fig-- ures exposed on the figure-wheels. In other operations, however, where it is necessary to css, the paper feeding and printing mechanway on hinge d.

ism may be quickly removed or swung into a horizontal position on the pivot-rods 120 by means of catch-handles 140, Fig. 2, which are hinged to arms 117 and 118. Paper-roll 121 is supported on forked arms 139. To remove or replace it, shield 125, Figs. 2 and 15,which is a skeleton frame having lengthwise supporting-rods a b a, may be swung out of the Spring-catches 6 hold the frame normally in place. By taking hold of the upper ends of handles 140 and pressing them slightly forward their lower ends will be released from the catches 14, Fig. 2, when the whole attachment may be swung on rod 120 to expose the figure-wheels. This rod is supported in forked bearings f, so that the apparatus can be removed bodily when desired.

It should be stated that arms ll5 and 116 1 and rod 1.13 work through and when removed would be drawn out of an opening of'suitable size in the cover of the machine.

The inking-ribbon for the printing mechanism is of ordinary sort. It is stored on a spool 1&6, Fig. 1, and rolled slowly from that to a spool 147 on the opposite side of the machine. For feeding the ribbon intermittently at each printing impression the spindle of spool 14.7 has a small ratchet-wheel 151, Fig. 11, actuated by a dog 150, sliding vertically in a block attached tosupport 149. 'Arm 27, which, as already described, is actuated by the register-key RB, has a small projection 152, which at each forward motion, of said arm lifts dog 150, causing it to turn the ratchet-wheel 151 one space. To return the ribbon to spool 146, crank 153, Fig. 1, is employed, this crank acting through spindle 155 and bevel-gears 155 156-upon the spindle of spool M6.

For indicating decimals a decimal-point marker is employed, this being a steel point- 160, Fig. 1, on the end of a curved spring 159, carried by a block 158, which slides on a square rod 157, carried by the supports 148 149. Decimal-point is beneath the inking-ribbon and above the plane of the register-bars R, and as printing-rod 113 descends the point is carried down to the plane of the type, making an impression on the paper. The decimal-point can be shift-ed and set by means of a rod 161, having a scale marked thereon and attached to the block 158.

The key-lock mechanism will now be described. As explained, the function-of this mechanism is to prevent error arising from failure of the operator to depress a key to its full distance. The effect of such failure would be that hammer K would move the bar R, upon which it is at the time acting,asmaller" explanations.

.the end thereof, as in Fig. 18", it pushes 'IIe accordingly depresses it fully and the 0peration may proceed regularly.

I subtrahend. As has already been stated, the

through eight divisions, eight being the comtrated in the drawings, Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 18, this action is eifected by a lock-bar 162, which is loosely supported in hearings in uprights 166 and can slide horizontally. This bar carries a series of horizontal'pins 167, one for each key-lever b. The latter have at their ends two wings U 1), Figs. 4 and 18,.onc' above the other. Attached to the upper wing h is an upright steel piece 168, bent at the bottom, so that pin 167 is in the path of this angular portion 0 which during the descent of the key-lever acts as a cam upon said pin, moving lock-bar 162 to the left against the pull of its spring 164 (see Fig. 3) and bringing all the lock-pins 167 of the other keys into the locking position. Attached to the lower wing b is an upwardly-curved spring 169, its upper free end resting against a shoulder at theupper end of cam-surface 0 Fig. 18 shows a keyin the act of descending, and pin 167 will .be seen traveling along the cam-surface 0 When it reaches spring 169 aside and thence travels 'along the left-hand vertical surface of strip 168, as seen in Fig. 18. It will also be observed in these figures that the stop-pin 167 of the other key shown therein has been brought under the lower wing of the key-lever, locking it in place. If the key is fully depressed, its pin 167 passes over the upper edge of strip 168 and permits spring 164 to withdraw lock-bar 162 to its normal position, releasing all the key-levers. If, on the other hand, the key is released before strip 168 passes. entirely below pin 167, the pin will remain on theleft edge of said strip, maintaining the lock, and when the stem a rises so far that the pin 167 comes against the end of spring 169 it can rise no farther. The operator then striking another key finds it locked and is thus apprised that the key previously struck was not fully depressed, and he also finds this key at a lower position than the others.

The move nent of pin 167 past spring 169 is timed to occur-before the feed of the bar-carriage, heretofore described.

' The operation of' the machine for addition will. be fully understood from the foregoing We will therefore next consider howit is operated for subtraction by adding to the number registered on the figurewheels the arithmetical complement of the arms which actuatethe hammer K from the key-levers are in pairs, one pair for each key-. lever. The arms 9 are normally in engagement with their respective key-kevers through the pins f, as shown in Fig. 3 and as heretofore explained, arms g being the additionarms. Each arm g is the complement of its companion arm g-that is to say, if the arm g is shaped to move'thehammer through one division its companion g is shaped toimove it plement of one; In Fig. 20 is shown that pair of arms which belong to the zero-kcy, and it w ill be seen that while arm 9 is shaped so as not to move the hammer-shafts at all arm g is shaped to move it through the maximum distance-that is, nine divisions. It will be seen,.then, that if the zero-key lever bis in engagement with arm g and is struck it will register 9 instead of 0 on the registerbar then in operativeposition. Hence for subtraction it is'onl y necessary to disconnect the engaging pins f from the arms g and connect them. with arms g. This shift is e'llected by a square shift-rod 170, extending horizontally across the machine, Figs. 2, 3, 18, 19, and 20, and slidingly supported in uprights 19 20. Red 170 carries a pair of hori zontally-projecting pins 171 for each pin f, Consequently a movement of rod 170 to the right, Fig. 3 er Fig. 19, will disconnect all the pins f from arms 9 and connect them with the complementary arms g. At the keyboard (see Figs. 1, 3, and 18) is a lever 172, pivoted at 173 and connected with the subtraction-key. This lever has at its end a plate q, having an inclined or cam slot, in which works a pin q on. shift-rod 170, Figs. 3 and 18. Consequently by depression of the subtraction-key the shift is efiected. Since division is per-' formed by repeated subtraction, the lever 172 is prolonged, as shown in Fig.- 1, and connected with the division-key.

Further, in subtraction by adding the complement it is necessary, as well understood, to exclude one (1) from the order or place in the result next to the left of the highest order or place in the subtrahend. To effect this, I use the first or left-hand register-bar R, and before setting up the subtrahend on the register-bars I strikethe Zero-key. This.

obviously will move the first bar B through nine divisions, and when registrati0n is made on the figure-wheels this'bar will move the corresponding figure wheel through ninetenths of a revolution, and in so doing would carry one to the next higher figure-wheel. To prevent this is the function of a bar'174,

(shown in Fig. 1 and detached in Figs. 21, 22,

and 23,) mounted in the bar-carriage BC to the left or in advance of the first register-bar R. The forward end of bar-174 is elbowed, as seen in Fig. 21, so that it will pass under without touching the pinions of the figurewheels upon the advance movement of the register-carriage RC. This bar 17 1 is set in the bar-carriage and controlled by a dog 0,

exactly as are the register-bars. (See Fig 10.)

Its forward end 174 is provided with a knob and, controlled by a spring, as shown, is designed to act upon a pin 175 of carryingarm 90 (see Fig. 23) and prevent carrying. To advance or set this bar, aspecial hammer 176 is provided. It is shown in Fig. 2, but more clearly in Fig. 21. Its forward end is a little in advance of and a'little lower than the end of hammer K, so-thatthe register-bars rock-shaft 181.

174, however, is downwardly bent to meet it, as seen in Fig. 21. The mechanism for moving the hammer is shown in Figs-21 and 22. The hammer is riveted to a rock-shaft 177, which surrounds a shaft 177, hereinafter re ferred to, and to the other end of WhlCh iS attached the crank-arm 178. The latter is connected by a link 179 to an arm 180 of a To this shaft is also attached the arm 182, to which; is fastened the subtraction-key, as shown. Fig. 22 also shows part of the key-arm 183 of the multiplicationkey attached to a spindle 184, which passes through the hollow rock-shaft 181 and the op eration of which will be presently described.

The operation of subtraction by the machine can-now be comprehended. The minuend is first set up on the register-bars R and by them transferred to the figure-wheels, as in addition. Next the si1btraction:key(-) is struck, as the result'of which special bar 174 is set forward through theaction of hammer 176, and a shift is made to the complementary arms 9 of the register-actuating mechanism through the action of shift-rod 170 and thedevices described above. Then the zero (0) key is struck, which advances the first registor-bar B through nine divisions, which.(when the register-carriage moves forward) turns the figure-wheel of the highest order in the answer nine-ninths of a revolution while the special bar 174 prevents carrying, the comvb ined eitect being to exclude one (1) from the order or place in the result which is next to the left of the highest figure in the subtra hend. Then the subtrahend is set up-that is, the figures composing it are struck from the keyboard in their regular digital order until the last figure of value in the subtrahend is reached, when one less is struck to get the true complement. Thenregister-key RB is struck and the subtraction performed on the figure-wheels.

To illustrate by example, suppose the problem is:

Minus 1296 Remainder 4488 3y the process of adding the complement we have Plus 870i Result (1)4 t88 wehave seen was automatically effected by I referred to.

the action of finger 8 of the vertical trip-rod 7 on detent 5. Now by depressing the multiplication-key trip-rod 7 is prevented from acting on detent 5,'and as this is equally necessary for division the key'arm 183 of the multiplication-key is prolonged and brought under the division-key, as shown in Figs. 1 and 28. We have already noted that this key-arin is connected with one end of a horizontal shaft 184. To the other end of this shaft is attached an arm 186. As shown in Fig. 20, the free end of this arm carries a pin resting normally at the bottom of a slot in triprod 7, so thatwhen the multiplication'or division hey is depressed the arm 186 is raised to the upper end of said slot and keeps rod7 in its raised position, or, in other words, prevents itfrom dropping into the position to trip detent 5. Thus the return movement of the bar-carriage may be prevented.

The-operation of multiplying by this machine will be readily comprehended and is quite simple. First the multiplicand is set up on the register-bars, and we will supposethis to be 6582. Multiplication-keyXis depressed, (and kept depressed by means hereinafter described until released,) thus preventiug'return of the bar-carriage during the operation. If the multiplier be 743, we depress the register-key RB three times. The three resulting movements of the register-carriage give us three units times 6582 on the figure-wheels. Now strike the smokey, (0,) moving bar-carriage one space to the left, which act alone multiplies, so to speak, the number set up on the bars (6582) by ten. In this position the register-key is struck four times, (a being the tens-digit of the multip'1ier,) thus placing on the figure-wheels forty times 6582 and adding the result to the partial product al read y registered. Again strike the zero-key, shifting the bars another space to the left, and strike key RB seven times, which adds seven hundred-times 6582 to the number registered on the'figure-wheels, which now exhibit the complete producti The process could be reversed by bringing the carriage BC to a position corresponding to the highest order of the multiplier,multiplying by that, and then shifting to the next lower order by means of the shift-key which is used -in division and will now be described. 1

For division as has been already indicated, the bar-carriage BO must be moved step by step to the right, for a purpose which will be made clear hereinafter. This movement is effected through the operation of shiftkeys, Figs. 1, 2'7, and 28. The key-levetf 187 of this key is attached to a sleeve 187 mounted loosely on rod. 173. To this sleeve is also secured the downwardly-extending arm 188, connected by a link 189 with an oscillatory arm 190, attached to the shaft 177, heretofore The oscillatory arm 190 carries at its upper end the combined release and detcnt pawl 1 91,shaped somewhat like a horseshoe. This pawl is shown in Fig. 28, where for sake of clearu'ess the rack s is omitted; but the operation will be well understood by reference to Fig. 9. As there shown, one

wing of this device strikes'the tail of depoint.

- impe lled by a spiral spring 194 in the direction to engage said notches. Consequently when,say, the multiplication-key is depressed it is detained solong as that operation is being performed. These detent-rods all converge to the stem of the release-key R and each is provided with a hook 194, as shown for one of the rods in Fig. 3, which embraces the stem of the release-key. When the latter is depressed, the conical portion 1- thereof presses against this hook and retracts the rod. A depressed special key shows to the operator the condition of the machine, which may be restored to the normal condition by depressing release-key R.

Inasmuch as division is a short method of making many subtractions, the mode of procedure is somewhat similar. First the dividend is set up on the register-bars and transferred to the figure-wheels. Then divisionkey is struck, which has the double eifect of shifting all the keys to the complementaryarms g and of raising trip-rod 7 to prevent its acting upon detent 5 and releasing the bar-carriage. Zero-key is then struck, as in subtraction,advancing the first register-bar R nine divisions, it being remembered that by the shift the zerokey has now the same effect on hammer K that the 9 keynormally has. The divisor is now struck .onthe'keyboard in regular digital order, excepting that (as in subtraction) instead of the key representing the last digit of the divisor the key representing the next smaller digit is struck. Thus we have set up on the register-bars the true arithmetical complement of the divisor. Bar-carriage BC is now shifted to the left until the bar carrying the right-hand figure of the divisor is under the right-hand figure of the first partial dividend as exhibited on the figure-wheels. This shift is made by the figure-key 0, (which now acts as the zero-key normally acts, simply making a shift without disturbing the register-bars.) N ow the register-key BB is struck (making repeated subtractions) until the partial dividend is exhausted or is less than the divisor. Each time this key is struck the first bar (which was set to 9, as stated above,) carries one (1) to the figure-wheel to its left, thereby registering on that wheel the first figure of the quotient. At this point shift-key S is struck for a shift of the bar-carriage one step to the rightthat is, opposite the figure-wheels of the next partial dividend-where the former process is repeated, the first bar R recording the next figure of the quotient on the figurewheel next to the right, &c., until the last partial dividend is exhausted or a remainder occurs.

With this machine a remainder may be again set up on the left-hand figure-wheels and run rapidly to a decimal as far as desired.

It will be observed that the first (or lefthand) register-bar is utilized in division for two purposes-first, to exclude the excessive unit,(as in subtraction.) and, second, to record the quotient on the adjacent figure-wheel.

One or two details of minor importanceremain to be described. The first of these is the register-lock 195 (illustrated in Figs. 25 and 26) and the associated details. This lock is pivoted on a screw 19G, tapped into the frame wing m falls under the head of screw 1). At

this time key RB has been but slightly depressed and the record of the item has been made on the paper strip preparatory to the advance of the register-carriage. If at this point the operator sees that the'record of the item (which is visible to him through a window 220, Fig. 2) is incorrect, he may at once release key RB, preventing registry of the incorrect item on the figure-wheels. Should he do so, screw p, acting against the curved side of wing m", presses lock outward again against its spring and carriage RC. returns to its normal position, so that the incorrect record may be erased and the item correctly set up. vIf, however, key RB be not released,- but further depressed, wing m comes above and nearly into contact with a plate 197, screwed to the support M of the carriage, before any bar R begins to register with the pinion of a figure-wheel, and if during this period of the movement key RB were released the pressure of screw 1) on wing m 

